Evidence-Based Approaches to Public Health: Epidemiology – Bias and Confounding: Confounding Variables and Effect Modification In this tutorial, we will explore two critical concepts in epidemiology: confounding variables and effect
Author: Cody Micah Carmichael MPH, CPH
Top 5 Takeaways Operation Allies Welcome (OAW): Initiated on August 29, 2021, to resettle eligible persons from Afghanistan, with evacuees housed at U.S. military bases. First Measles Case: Reported on
Top 5 Takeaways Initial Detection: In April 2019, 14 children under 10 years old were diagnosed with HIV in Ratodero, Pakistan, prompting an investigation by the Sindh AIDS Control Program
Same Country, Different Worlds: Understanding the Ten Americas – Life Expectancy Inequalities in the USA Introduction A recent study published in The Lancet titled “Ten Americas: A Systematic Analysis of
Top 5 Takeaways Increase in Death Rate: The overall age-adjusted death rate (AADR) in the U.S. increased by 0.7% from 2020 to 2021. COVID-19 Impact: COVID-19 was the third leading
Top 5 Takeaways High Vaccine Effectiveness: The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine demonstrated 93% effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalization among adolescents aged 12–18 years. Predominant Delta Variant: The study was conducted during the period
Inescapable AI: Public Health, Justice, and Algorithmic Accountability Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping critical systems like healthcare, housing, employment, and education, profoundly affecting low-income and marginalized populations. While AI holds
Top 5 Takeaways High Sodium Intake Prevalence: During 2003–2016, ≥86% of U.S. adults consumed sodium above the Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake of 2,300 mg/day. Unadjusted Sodium Intake Trends:
Top 5 Takeaways Improper Vaccine Handling: Inadequate vaccine storage, handling, and administration by untrained personnel led to injection-site infections and other adverse events. Multistate Investigation: The investigation identified 101 patients
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the U.S.: Trends and Implications A Pew Research Center survey published October 2024 reveals that 60% of Americans are unlikely to receive the updated COVID-19 vaccine